Japan

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An overview of Yake-dake from Kamik

Unzen is a large complex volcano made of several adjacent and overlapping lava domes. The volcano covers much of the Shimabara Peninsula and is east of the city of Nagasaki. In 1792, collapse of the Mayu-yama lava dome created an avalanche and tsunami that killed an estimated 14,524 people. Most of the people were killed by the tsunami.

Tsurumi is made of lava domes. Tsurumi's first two known eruptions, in 200 and 771AD, produced new domes. The 200 AD eruption was large (VEI=4), explosive, and generated pyroclastic flows. The most recent eruption, in 867 AD, lasted two months and caused some damage.

Beppu, which includes numerous spas and resorts, is a thermal feature of Tsurumi. The next three photos are views of Blood Hell, the blood-red boiling lake at Beppu.

Shikotsu is a caldera located near the southwestern end of the Kurile arc. About 30,000 years ago the volcano erupted 125 cubic km of compositionally zone (rhyolite to andesite) ashfall and pyroclastic flows. Most of the caldera is now filled with a lake. In the Holocene, Shikotsu has had three pre-historic and 34 historic eruptions. Nearly all of these eruptions have been from the Tarumai vent. The eruptions in 6950 BC and 800 BC were very large (VEI=5). There were two more very large historic eruptions in 1667 and 1739.