Chapter 4 Review Answer Key

Rocks and Minerals

Name_____________________

 

  1. Write a definition for the following terms.

    1. Rock- Rocks are made of two or more different minerals that have been 1) cemented together, or 2) squeezed and heated together, or 3) melted and cooled together. Rocks make up the majority of the Earth's crust. One of the most common rock is granite.
    2. Mineral- Most of the common minerals are made of crystals. A Crystal is a solid formed by a repeating, three-dimensional pattern of atoms, ions, or molecules and having fixed distances between the different parts.
    3. Weathering- The break down of rock by wind, water, or ice into smaller pieces.
    4. Igneous rocks- Igneous rocks start as magma. The magma (molten rock under the surface) and lava (molten rock on the surface) hardens into igneous rock.
    5. Sedimentary rocks- Sedimentary rocks are formed from the breaking apart of other rocks (igneous, metamorphic, or sedimentary rocks) and the cementation, compaction and recrystallization of these broken pieces of rock.
    6. Metamorphic rocks- Metamorphic rocks form from heat and pressure changing the original or parent rock into a completely new rock. The parent rock can be either sedimentary, igneous, or even another metamorphic rock.

  1. Draw a diagram and describe the rock cycle.

A filled out diagram of the rock cycle

  1. Name the most common rock found on the surface of the Earth. One of the most common rock is granite.

  2. Name the four minerals that make up granite. 

    1. Feldspar

    2. Quartz

    3. Mica

    4. Hornblende

  3. Describe what the term, property of a mineral means. A mineral is a solid material, made of one substance, that occurs naturally on Earth.

  4. Write the correct term, rock or mineral, after each word below.

    1. Pumice _Rock_

    2. Talc _Mineral_

    3. Gabbro _Rock_

    4. Granite _Rock_

    5. Magnetite _Mineral_

    6. Hornblende _Mineral_

    7. Hematite _Mineral_

    8. Mica _Mineral_

    9. Obsidian _Rock_

    10. Quartz _Mineral_

    11. Galena _Mineral_

    12. Feldspar _Mineral_

    13. Basalt _Rock_

    14. Calcite _Mineral_

    15. Rhyolite _Rock_

Match the following igneous terms with its corresponding definition.

  1. H Sill
  2. A Dike
  3. B Batholith
  4. G Laccolith
  5. C Intrusive
  6. F Extrusive
  7. D Magma
  8. E Lava

 

  1. An intrusive igneous body that runs through an existing layer of rock.
  2.  A very large intrusive igneous body that is larger than 100 square miles.
  3.  A type of igneous rock that is formed under the surface of the Earth.
  4.  Molten rock under the surface of the Earth.
  5.  Molten rock on the surface of the Earth.
  6.  A type of igneous rock that is formed on the surface of the Earth.
  7.  A small intrusive igneous body.
  8.  An intrusive igneous body that runs parallel with existing rock layers.

 

Match the following terms with its corresponding definition.

  1. C Metallic
  2. F Non-metallic
  3. A Streak
  4. D Hardness
  5. B Cleavage
  6. E Luster

 

  1. A test to determine the true color of a mineral.
  2.  A property that describes how a mineral breaks into flat planes.
  3.  A mineral that conducts electricity.
  4.  A property of a mineral that is measured by the Mohs scale.
  5.  A property of a mineral that measures how it reflects light.
  6.  A mineral that does not conduct electricity.