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Aniakchak Kuwae Sakurajima Bardarbunga St. Helens St Helens St. Helens Billy Mitchell Kelut Raung Huaynaputina Kamaga-Take Parker Long Island Usu Tarumai Gamkonora Tongkoko Tarumai Katla Tambora Galunggung Cosiguina Sheveluch Askja Krakatau Tarawera Santa Maria Ksudach Katmai Cerro Azul Bezymianny St. Helens |
Country
USA-AK Vanuatu, SW Pac. Japan Iceland USA-WA USA-WA USA-WA Bougainville, SW Pac Indonesia-Java Indonesia-Java Peru Japan Philippines New Guinea Japan Japan Indonesia-Halmahara Indonesia-Sulawesi Japan Iceland Indonesia Indonesia Nicaragua Russia Iceland Indonesia New Zealand Guatemala Russia USA Chile Russia USA |
Date
1450C 1452 1471 1477 1480D 1482D 1540 1580C 1586 1593 1600 1640 Jan. 4, 1641 1660 Aug. 16,1663 Aug. 6, 1667 1673 1680 Aug., 1739 Oct. 17, 1755 April 5, 1815 Oct. 8, 1822 June 20, 1835 Feb. 17, 1854 March 29, 1875 Aug. 26, 1883 June 10, 1886 Oct., 24, 1902 March 28, 1907 June 6, 1911 April 10, 1932 March 30, 1956 May 18, 1980 |
VEI
5? 6 5? 5? 5+ 5 5 6 5? 5? 6? 5 6 6 5 5 5? 5? 5 5 7 5? 5 5 5 6 5 6 5 6 5 5 5 |
Type of Volcano
Caldera Caldera Stratovolcano Stratovolcano Stratovolcano Stratovolcano Stratovolcano Ash shield Stratovolcano Stratovolcano Explosion crater? Stratovolcano Stratovolcano Complex volcano Stratovolcano Stratovolcano Stratovolcano Stratovolcano Stratovolcano Subglacial Stratovolcano Stratovolcano Stratovolcano Stratovolcano Stratovolcano Caldera Fissure on lava dome Stratovolcano Shield Stratovolcano Stratovolcano Stratovolcano Stratovolcano |
Modified from Table 3 in Newhall, CG, and S Self, 1982, The volcanic explosivity index (VEI): An estimate of explosive magnitude for historical volcanism: Journal of Geophysical Research87, 1231-1238. Additional eruptions added from tree ring data reported in Table 2 of Briffa, KR, PD Jones, FH Schweingruber & TJ Osborn, 1998, Influence of volcanic eruptions on Northern hemisphere summer temperature over the past 600 years: Nature 393, 450-455. Note that other large eruptions occurred during the last 600 years, according to tree ring and ice core data, but are not indicated here because the source volcano is unknown (e.g. 1809).
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