Answers to the VOLCANOWORLD QUIZ ON VOLCANIC GASES

1. Volcanoes release mostly:

a. nitrogen, oxygen, and

b. methane, ammonia, and chlorine

c. mercury, carbon monoxide, and gold

d. water vapor, carbon dioxide, and sulfur dioxide.

Answer: d

2. Which statement is true:

a. All of our atmospheric "problems" would go away if volcanoes would just stop erupting.

b. Volcanic gases have no effect on ozone.

c. Some large eruptions cool the Earth for short periods.

d. The composition of the atmosphere has been constant throughout earth history.

Answer: c

3. Global warming is primarily cause by:

a. burning fossil fuels

b. volcanoes

c. the El Nino phenomenon

d. long filibusters in Congress

Answer: a

4. Volcanic gases can be measured:

a. by hand using samples collected in a Giggenbach bottle

b. by using a COSPEC on the ground or in a plane

c. by satellite using TOMS

d. by instruments carried through aerosol layers

e. all of the above.

Answer: e

5. Hazards associated with volcanic gas include:

a. asphyxiation

b. crop failure

c. death of livestock due to eating fluorine contaminated gas

d. all of the above.

Answer: d

6. After the 1991 eruption of Mt. Pinatubo, the amount of ozone near the volcanic plume:

a. increased

b. decreased

c. remained the same.

Answer: b

7. The amount of sulfur dioxide released by volcanoes is:

a. greater than man-made sources

b. about the same as man-made sources

c. less than man-made sources

Answer: c

8. The greatest damage to the ozone layer is done by:

a. volcanoes

b. man-made sources, mostly chlorofluorocarbons

c. sea salt

d. none of the above.

Answer: b

9. Large historic eruptions have caused average global cooling of:

a. less than 1 degree C

b. between 0.5 and 1 degree C

c. about 5 degrees C

d. about 10 degrees C

Answer: b

10. The greatest amount of global cooling was probably caused by the eruption of:

a. Mount. St. Helens

b. Tambora

c. Paricutin

d. Deccan Traps

e. El Jeremy

Answer: d